黑锹小角（小林昭二 饰）率领的忍者军团行动失败，柳生鞘香（松尾嘉代 饰）带领其麾下的女子刺客军团继续追踪拜一刀父子的踪迹。
阿波藩的蓝玉制造密法被幕府盗走，拜一刀（若山富三郎 饰）受聘刺杀盗走密法之人。一路上拜一刀父子不断受到柳生鞘香女子军团的袭击，但都一一化解。拜一刀登上护送之船，柳生鞘香亦尾随而来，有所察觉的保镖弁天来三兄弟放火烧船后逃走，拜一刀父子连同鞘香逃出生天。
弁天来三兄弟逃至沙漠，击溃在此等候的阿波藩刺客，却最终无法避免与拜一刀的生死决战……

影片讲述独臂刀王刚赴日访友，路遇中国遗孤，并与座头市结识，两人之间因言语不通闹出许多笑话，最后更因误会难解，不得不性命相搏。瞎子座头市以闪电般的拔刀术著称，而独臂大侠王刚则以独门金刀刀法和轻功与之对抗。最后误会消除，王刚不禁慨叹“你是个好人，如果言语能通……”
有趣的是，因为要兼顾双方影迷的情绪，影片上映时有两个版本，日本版名为《盲侠大破唐人剑》，结局是座头市要了王刚的命，而香港版则名为《独臂刀大战盲侠》，结局是独臂刀击败了盲侠。

The first film in the 2 part series about Ryuzen, a renegade martial-arts priest who, in addition to breaking all the commandments against sex and gambling, opens his own gambling den in direct defiance of the local yakuza boss. Exciting action and a twisty plot this movie breaks new barriers in Japanese cinema. Katsu Shintaro is superb in one of his better non-Zato Ichi roles as he fights off the advances of a love-lorn woman and risks his life to defeat the powerful gambling boss who has a stranglehold on the town.