The Asian monsoon is one of the most dramatic climatic phenomena on Earth, with far reaching environmental and societal effects. Almost two thirds of humanity lives within regions influenced by the monsoon. With the emerging Asian economies, the importance of the region to the global economy has never been more marked. The Asian Monsoon describes the evolution of the monsoon, and proposes a connection between the tectonic evolution of the solid Earth and monsoon intensity. The authors explain how the monsoon has been linked to orbital processes and thus to other parts of the global climate system, especially glaciation. Finally, they summarize how monsoon evolution since the last Ice Age has impacted human societies, as well as commenting on the potential impact of future climate change. This book presents a multi-disciplinary overview of the monsoon for advanced students and researchers in atmospheric science, climatology, oceanography, geophysics, and geomorphology.

This book provides a working knowledge of those parts of exterior differential forms, differential geometry, algebraic and differential topology, Lie groups, vector bundles and Chern forms that are essential for a deeper understanding of both classical and modern physics and engineering. Included are discussions of analytical and fluid dynamics, electromagnetism (in flat and curved space), thermodynamics, the deformation tensors of elasticity, soap films, special and general relativity, the Dirac operator and spinors, and gauge fields, including Yang-Mills, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, Berry phase, and instanton winding numbers, quarks, and quark model for mesons. Before discussing abstract notions of differential geometry, geometric intuition is developed through a rather extensive introduction to the study of surfaces in ordinary space; consequently, the book should be of interest also to mathematics students. Ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate students of physics, engineering and mathematics as a course text or for self study.

Book Description
Provides an up-to-date and rigorous introduction to turbulence in the atmosphere and in engineering flows for advanced students, and a reference work for researchers in the atmospheric sciences. With student exercises at the end of each chapter and worked solutions online, this is an invaluable resource for any related course.

Written five centuries after the first studies of Leonardo da Vinci and half a century after A.N. Kolmogorov's first attempt to predict the properties of flow, this textbook presents a modern account of turbulence, one of the greatest challenges in physics. "Fully developed turbulence" is ubiquitous in both cosmic and natural environments, in engineering applications and in everyday life. Elementary presentations of dynamical systems ideas, probabilistic methods (including the theory of large deviations) and fractal geometry make this a self-contained textbook. This is the first book on turbulence to use modern ideas from chaos and symmetry breaking. The book will appeal to first-year graduate students in mathematics, physics, astrophysics, geosciences and engineering, as well as professional scientists and engineers.

These notes arise from lectures presented in Florence under the auspices of the Accadamia dei Lincee and deal with an area that lies at the crossroads of mathematics and physics. The material presented here rests primarily on the pioneering work of Vaughan Jones and Edward Witten relating polynomial invariants of knots to a topological quantum field theory in 2+1 dimensions. Professor Atiyah here presents an introduction to Witten's ideas from the mathematical point of view. The book will be essential reading for all geometers and gauge theorists as an exposition of new and interesting ideas in a rapidly developing area.

In the new edition of this classic textbook Ed Ott has added much new material and has significantly increased the number of homework problems. The most important change is the addition of a completely new chapter on control and synchronization of chaos. Other changes include new material on riddled basins of attraction, phase locking of globally coupled oscillators, fractal aspects of fluid advection by Lagrangian chaotic flows, magnetic dynamos, and strange nonchaotic attractors.

The standard rules of probability can be interpreted as uniquely valid principles in logic. In this book, E. T. Jaynes dispels the imaginary distinction between 'probability theory' and 'statistical inference', leaving a logical unity and simplicity, which provides greater technical power and flexibility in applications. This book goes beyond the conventional mathematics of probability theory, viewing the subject in a wider context. New results are discussed, along with applications of probability theory to a wide variety of problems in physics, mathematics, economics, chemistry and biology. It contains many exercises and problems, and is suitable for use as a textbook on graduate level courses involving data analysis. The material is aimed at readers who are already familiar with applied mathematics at an advanced undergraduate level or higher. The book will be of interest to scientists working in any area where inference from incomplete information is necessary.

This volume centres on the history and legacy of the Mongol World Empire founded by Chinggis Khan and his sons, including its impact upon the modern world. An international team of scholars examines the political and cultural history of the Mongol empire, its Chinggisid successor states, and the non-Chinggisid dynasties that came to dominate Inner Asia in its wake. Geographically, it focuses on the continental region from East Asia to Eastern Europe. Beginning in the twelfth century, the volume moves through to the establishment of Chinese and Russian political hegemony in Inner Asia from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Contributors use recent research and new approaches that have revitalized Inner Asian studies to highlight the world-historical importance of the regimes and states formed during and after the Mongol conquest. Their conclusions testify to the importance of a region whose modern fate has been overshadowed by Russia and China.
这一册集中书写了成吉思汗与他的儿子们建立的蒙古帝国的历史与遗产，及其对现代世界的影响。本书出自于一个国际化的研究团队，他们探究了蒙古帝国的政治文化史，以及其继承者所建立的国家，还有之后其他被其统治的内亚（Inner Asia）王朝。本书在地缘上集中于从东亚到东欧的广大地区，贯穿从十二世纪开始，到中国与俄国掌控内亚地区的十六世纪至十九世纪的历史。作者吸收运用了最新的研究成果以及研究方法，使得内亚研究焕发出新的活力，强调突出了蒙古人执掌的帝国及其之后国家对世界历史的巨大影响，也揭示了该地区隐藏于俄罗斯与中国身影之下的重大意义。

由英国学者鲁唯一（Michael Loewe）与美国汉学家夏含夷（Edward L.Shaughnessy）等人所编著的《剑桥中国上古史：从文明的起源到公元前221年》（The Cambridge History of Ancient China：From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C.）已经于1999年由英国剑桥大学出版社出版发行。尽管迄今为止该书中译本仍未面世而不免使人有遗珠之憾，但该书不仅反映了西方数代汉学家所秉持的迥异的研究方法与理论素养而具有相当的学术性与可读性。而且该书的分析视角和学术思路也值得在中国先秦史研究中加以镜鉴，从而开拓并深入中国的先秦史研究的内容与视界。
该书内容翔实而不仅仅是对史料的简单汇编，全书恰好地将传世文献资料和考古文物资料互为补充，基本上对中国先秦时代的主要领域和研究动态做了必要交代。
《剑桥中国上古史：从文明的起源到公元前221年》一书从整体上呈现了对史料的批判与怀疑性考量的特点。鲁唯一与夏含夷在该书的导论部分中即以处理而非简单罗列的态度对传世文献进行梳理与总结。他们写到：“两百年前，当胡安·冈萨雷斯·德·门多萨使用西方语言完成了首部完整的中国史著作《中华大帝国史》时，他所依靠的事实是由朱熹所创作的一部改述与二手作品《通鉴纲目》的简单复述。”表现了对史料形成过程的极大关注，即重视史料形成的文化背景。此外，该节中还运用了较大篇幅介绍并积极评价了以顾颉刚为代表的古史辨派的主张与成就，反映了实证是研究的基础，对史料的辨析是保证实证是否有效的基本前提。
张光直所撰写的第一章《历史时代前夕的中国》中，作者专门安排了《对夏代的质疑》的一节，从古史传说、研究回眸、考古证据等诸多维度对夏代是否存世发起挑战，尽管该论断迄今仍然充满争议而未获得学界普遍公认，但张光直在此将史料出现与其产生环境进行综合分析的方法仍对当前的中国上古史研究工作的开展与进步大有裨益。
在第二章之语言文字中，该章执笔者威廉·博尔茨在将中国上古时期的语音做了分类汇总后又运用娴熟的语言学理论对早期的印欧语系和澳亚语系之不同传播方向对古代汉语辞汇中所产生的影响进行了分析而在该章之文字部分的表述中得出了汉字自成体系而非古代北非、西亚地区传入形成之观点。
罗伯特·贝格利在第三章的商代考古部分中不仅对中国河南安阳、偃师、郑州等地的商代考古资料加以恰当地比较分析而且也对迥异于中原地区的四川广汉三星堆、江西新干大洋洲等地的考古资料进行了考量评述并提出了商代文化多元之理论，使重新审视传世文献工作变得重要且必要。从而把史实叙述与专题研讨两者相互结合，视角广阔、叙事手法多样，政治、文化、宗教信息在以时间为纲、专题为目的编纂体系中均有不同程度的体现与表述而反映了各学人的笔力与功底。不仅是对20世纪末的海外中国先秦史研究成果进行了基本梳理与重要总结，而且也是各学人彼此分工合作，精研学术的有力体现。
吉德炜在所执笔的第四章《商代：中国第一历史朝代》中综合利用青铜铭文、天文资料、古典记载、历法讯息等手段，以专门以一节的篇幅论述了绝对年代、时间与历法等涉及历史分期的重要概念与内容，形成有别于中国内地所通行的商代年表体系，为学界进一步探讨相关年代分期提供了新的空间以及讨论的价值。
杰西卡·罗森在所撰写的《西周考古》一章通过结合考古资料指出，早期周人相去商人甚远而在青铜器铸造上广受其影响而有所进步发展，商周鼎革完成后周人之青铜艺术伴随统治与交往扩大而渐趋多元变化而反映了周力量之变化轨迹，为一窥周之文明外幅状况提供重要参考。此外，杰西卡·罗森还在该章中适时提出了“礼制革命”（Ritual Revolution）这一概念，试图以文明的发展及其变化作为解释历史发展的基本线索而反映了该时期人类所获得成果情况并对这一过程进行体现。表现了西周的兴衰变化并结合考古资料凸显西周青铜器之变化历程，以礼器数量的上升情况强调了西周中期以后伴随承平日久而使周人逐渐由重武力向好礼乐变化而由盛转衰之基本事实。从而恰好地将各彼此看似孤立的历史现象加以联系，正确的评价并认识了该时期周文明成果与代价之间的关系。
许倬云在所撰写的《春秋时代》一章中把西周征兵国人与古希腊城邦公民兵制进行比较，从中倡导相对中立的价值尺度，无疑有助于全球普适历史话语系统与人类整体历史的建立与书写。
鲁唯一在所执笔的该书末章《留给帝国的遗产》中对公元前256年至公元前221年中国政局、宗教礼制、文艺等状况进行了必要地回顾与总结而作为该书的终篇，反映人类历史发展的纵向变化发展历程，从而恰好与剑桥大学出版社1986年所出版发行的《剑桥中国秦汉史：公元前221年-公元220年》相互衔接。

This book explains the relationship between intelligence and environmental complexity, and in so doing links philosophy of mind to more general issues about the relations between organisms and environments, and to the general pattern of 'externalist' explanations. The author provides a biological approach to the investigation of mind and cognition in nature. In particular he explores the idea that the function of cognition is to enable agents to deal with environmental complexity. The history of the idea in the work of Dewey and Spencer is considered, as is the impact of recent evolutionary theory on our understanding of the place of mind in nature.

No previous knowledge is assumed, and in lively and provocative chapters the authors invite the reader to explore questions about the nature of science, religion, ethics, politics, art, the mind, the self, knowledge and truth. Each chapter includes inset boxes providing links to classic philosophy texts on the issues discussed. In addition, the book relates the adventure of philosophy to some of the key principles of critical thinking.

搜索引擎的本质是帮助用户更快、更方便、更有效地查找与获取所需信息。在不断改进搜索算法和提升性能（以技术为中心）的同时，关注用户的信息需求、搜寻行为、界面设计与交互模式是以用户为中心的一条并行发展思路。创新的搜索界面及其配套的交互机制对一项搜索服务的成功来说是至关重要的。Marti Hearst教授带来的这本新作《Search User Interfaces》即是后一条思路的研究成果，将信息检索与人机交互结合起来，属于当前HCIR&Exploratory Search研究范畴。

When people speak, their words never fully encode what they mean, and the context is always compatible with a variety of interpretations. How can comprehension ever be achieved? Wilson and Sperber argue that comprehension is a process of inference guided by precise expectations of relevance. What are the relations between the linguistically encoded meanings studied in semantics and the thoughts that humans are capable of entertaining and conveying? How should we analyse literal meaning, approximations, metaphors and ironies? Is the ability to understand speakers' meanings rooted in a more general human ability to understand other minds? How do these abilities interact in evolution and in cognitive development? Meaning and Relevance sets out to answer these and other questions, enriching and updating relevance theory and exploring its implications for linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and literary studies.

The Beginnings of Islamic Law is a major and innovative contribution to our understanding of the historical unfolding of Islamic law. Scrutinizing its historical contexts, the book proposes that Islamic law is a continuous intermingling of innovation and tradition. Salaymeh challenges the embedded assumptions in conventional Islamic legal historiography by developing a critical approach to the study of both Islamic and Jewish legal history. Through case studies of the treatment of war prisoners, circumcision, and wife-initiated divorce, she examines how Muslim jurists incorporated and transformed 'Near Eastern' legal traditions. She also demonstrates how socio-political and historical situations shaped the everyday practice of law, legal education, and the organization of the legal profession in the late antique and medieval eras. Aimed at scholars and students interested in Islamic history, Islamic law, and the relationship between Jewish and Islamic legal traditions, this book's interdisciplinary approach provides accessible explanations and translations of complex materials and ideas.

This book considers an important and largely neglected area of Islamic law by exploring how medieval Muslim jurists resolved criminal cases that could not be proven beyond a doubt. Intisar A. Rabb calls into question a controversial popular notion about Islamic law today, which is that Islamic law is a divine legal tradition that has little room for discretion or doubt, particularly in Islamic criminal law. Despite its contemporary popularity, that notion turns out to have been far outside the mainstream of Islamic law for most of its history. Instead of rejecting doubt, medieval Muslim scholars largely embraced it. In fact, they used doubt to enlarge their own power and to construct Islamic criminal law itself. Through a close examination of legal, historical, and theological sources, and a range of illustrative case studies, this book shows that Muslim jurists developed a highly sophisticated and regulated system for dealing with Islam's unique concept of doubt, which evolved from the seventh to the sixteenth century.

In recent years, law and religion scholarship has increasingly emphasized the need to study the interaction of legal and religious ideas and institutions, norms and practices. The overall question that this scholarship explores may be stated as follows: how do legal and religious ideas and institutions, methods and mechanisms, beliefs and believers influence each other, for better and for worse, in the past, present and future? This volume engages this area of scholarship by examining how law regulates religion, and how religion responds to such regulations. It examines underlying norms influencing state regulation of religion, and challenges emerging from such regulation. Importantly, this volume will go beyond the conventional enquiries that draw upon the Anglo-European approaches and experiences, and emphasize instead Asian perspectives in order to expand and build upon existing understandings about the complex relationship between law and religion.

This collection of essays by leading scholars provides an introduction to Arabic philosophy by way of chapters devoted to individual thinkers (such as al-Farabi, Avicenna and Averroes) or groups, especially during the 'classical' period from the ninth to the twelfth centuries. It also includes chapters on areas of philosophical inquiry across the tradition, such as ethics and metaphysics. Finally, it includes chapters on later Islamic thought, and on the connections between Arabic philosophy and Greek, Jewish, and Latin philosophy.