In this, the first of two ground-breaking volumes on the nature of language in the light of the way it evolved, James Hurford looks at how the world first came to have a meaning in the minds of animals and how in humans this meaning eventually came to be expressed as language. He reviews a mass of evidence to show how close some animals, especially primates and more especially apes, are to the brink of human language. Apes may not talk to us but they construct rich cognitive representations of the world around them, and here, he shows, are the evolutionary seeds of abstract thought - the means of referring to objects, the memory of events, even elements of the propositional thinking philosophers have hitherto reserved for humans. What then, he asks, is the evolutionary path between the non-speaking minds of apes and our own speaking minds? Why don't apes communicate the richness of their thoughts to each other? Why do humans alone have a unique disposition to reveal their thoughts in complex detail? Professor Hurford searches a wide range of evidence for the answers to these central questions, including degrees of trust, the role of hormones, the ability to read minds, and the willingness to cooperate. Expressing himself congenially in consistently colloquial language the author builds up a vivid picture of how mind, language, and meaning evolved over millions of years. His book is a landmark contribution to the understanding of linguistic and thinking processes, and the fullest account yet published of the evolution of language and communication. "A wonderful read - lucid, informative, and entertaining, while at the same time never talking down to the reader by sacrificing argumentation for the sake of 'simplicity'. Likely to be heralded as the major publication dealing with language evolution to date. Frederick J. Newmeyer, University of Washington

本书是理论计算机科学领域的名作，是计算机科学核心主题的导论性教材。全书分为可计算性、文法与自动机、逻辑学、复杂性及语义学5个部分，分别讲述了可计算性理论、形式语言、逻辑学与自动演绎、可计算复杂性（包括NP完全问题）和编程语言的语义等主题，并展示了它们之间如何相互关联。.
本书是计算机及相关专业高年级本科生和研究生的理想教学参考书，对于计算机领域的专业人士也是很好的技术参考书。

这是一本有原创性的著作。意义与指称问题是分析哲学乃至整个哲学的一个具有根本重要性的问题，它是哲学领域中其他问题和讨论的概念基础。长期以来，在意义理论中占统治地位的观念，都把指称解释为语言与世界中对象的关系，并据此而把意义与世界联系起来。传统观念在理论上造成一系列困难，不能解决虚构对象的名字等诸多语言现象。本书针对过去流行理论的困难，而提出一种解决方案，它力图重新解释指称概念，并由此而解释意义对指称的直接决定作用。在此方案之下，意义与世界的关系不再是一种直接的概念关系，而是一种发生学的关系。这个分析的结果同时修改了弗雷格关于意义决定指称的理论，从而确定了意义所具有的自主的性质。本书从对当代语言哲学的主流观念的分析入手，提出了对于指称问题，指称与意义的关系问题，分析性概念的性质问题，意义本身的性质问题等一系列基本的主张，这些主张建立在语言相对于世界的自主性质的基础之上。对于意义与指称概念的不同于传统的解释，引出对真理，对语言的历史发生，对语言的社会性等的重新理解。它的直接结果将使哲学中困扰人们多年的否定存在问题等等，有了不同于传统的解释的可能。

Combining up-to-date scholarship with clear and accessible language and helpful exercises, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction is an invaluable resource for all readers interested in metaphor. This second edition includes two new chapters-on 'metaphors in discourse' and 'metaphor and emotion'-along with new exercises, responses to criticism and recent developments in the field, and revised student exercises, tables, and figures.

Originally published in 1949 and appearing now for the first time in a paperbound edition, Buck's "Dictionary" remains an indispensable tool for diachronic analysis of the Indo-European languages. Arranged according to the meaning of words, the work contains more than 1,000 groupings of synonyms from the principal Indo-European languages. Buck first tabulates the words describing a particular concept and then discusses their etymological and semantic history, tracing changes in meaning of the root words as well as presenting cases indicating which of the older forms have been replaced by expressions of colloquial or foreign origin.

《汉语义类词群的语义范畴及隐喻认知研究(1)》从隐喻（包括转喻）的认知模式讨论词义发展的内在机制，开启了一个全新的视角，给人以耳目一新的感觉。全书共九章，除引论外，分别对 “心”“目”“口”“足”“水”“艸”“糸”“犬”词群进行语义范畴及隐喻认知分析对比。《汉语义类词群的语义范畴及隐喻认知研究(1)》的研究建立在“范畴化理论”“原型理论”“家族相似性理论”等与认知有关的基础理论之上，这些都是比较前沿的研究成果，把这些国外的理论与汉语的实际相结合，使之“本土化”，能够加深我们对汉语的认识。

This book investigates the relation between language and logic. Gennaro Chierchia looks at the way syntactic and inferential processes interact in determining polarity sensitive and free choice phenomena. He analyses these as a form of grammaticized scalar implicature and seeks to identify the common core of the polarity system by examining many of its manifestations as well as the choices that determine its diversity. To do so he reassesses the relations between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and in the process makes startling insights into the relation of syntax to logic. Rudolf Carnap's classic, The Logical Syntax of Language, defines syntax as a lexicon and a set of formation rules and logic as a set of inference rules. Modern generative linguistics maintains a similar modular approach: a combinatorial apparatus is said to generate structures over which semantic and pragmatic relations, such as presupposition and implicature, are defined. This book argues by contrast that many structures typically perceived as syntactically deviant owe their status to their logical properties, in other words to whether they are contradictory or analytically true in specific ways. This alters the Carnapian view. The characterization of grammatical structure requires a more direct role of logical inferences: the functional lexicon of grammar comes, Professor Chierchia shows, with a set of inference rules that crucially and directly determine grammaticality patterns. Logic in Grammar presents the results of the author's decade-long work on pragmatics and scalar implicatures and extends his long-term project on how humans reason and categorize the world. It is a book that will interest linguists, philosophers, and cognitive scientists alike.

《词义的分析和描写》想在语言学的范围内讨论词义的分析和描写。词义的分析和描写历来被认为是语言学中最困难的问题之一。虽然如此，仍然有为数不少的人在语言学研究中，在词典编纂工作中，在语文教学中进行了多方面的探索，积累了相当丰富的认识和经验。国外越来越多的语言学、语义学著作在国内得到流传和介绍，也开阔了我们的眼界。为了总结和探索词义分析、描写的理论和方法，作者从1981年起在北京大学汉语专业开设“词义分析”课，1986年应邀在北京语言学院语文系讲课，1987年应邀赴新疆大学讲课，也讲授了其中的一部分或大部分内容。《词义的分析和描写》就是在历次讲课所用讲稿的基础上加工修改写成的。

This series supports the study of core topics that form substantial and identifiable parts of Linguistics degree courses as taught in the later years of undergraduate study. Each volume provides an in-depth introduction to a particular linguistic subdiscipline, while also engaging with recent research on the subject.

简介：
《自足语义学》是当代知名哲学家赫尔曼·开普兰和厄尼·利珀尔的一部哲学力作。本书对哲学中形形色色的语境论倾向进行了系统而深入的归纳和分析，并根据不同的语境论展开了颇有针对性的批评，在此基础上提出了他们自己的哲学主张，即语义最简论和言语行为多元论
本书很巧妙地辩护了通常视为不相容的两个哲学立场：真值条件语义学和语义最简论。开普兰和利珀尔所提出的充满争议的观点，已经而且还会持续不断地成为探讨语言交流本质的核心论题。
——杰森·斯坦利，密歇根大学
开普兰和利珀尔把语境论争论中的各种脉络整理出来，并在已有的理论流派基础上提出语义最简论，他们的工作卓有成效。
——詹姆斯·希金博特姆，南加州大学
这是一个不多见而又非常复杂的哲学讨论，它意在说明戴维森的理论是如何处理语言使用中所广泛出现的语境敏感性的，很棒的哲学著作。
——保罗·彼得罗斯基，马里兰大学
目　录
主编序………………………………………………………………………………………………
译者的话……………………………………………………………………………………………
作者前言……………………………………………………………………………………………
鸣　谢………………………………………………………………………………………………
第一章　概览…………………………………………………………………………………
第一部分　从温和语境论到激进语境论…………………………………………………………
第二章　诠释：语境论者的方法论…………………………………………………………
第三章　语境转移论证的不稳定性…………………………………………………………
第四章　诊断：为什么语义学家误用语境转移论证………………………………………
第五章　不完全性论证的不稳定性…………………………………………………………
第六章　插曲：约束和隐蔽索引词…………………………………………………………
第二部分　对激进语境论的驳斥…………………………………………………………………
第七章　反驳激进语境论（一）：没有通过语境敏感性测试……………………………
第八章　反驳激进语境论（二）：致使交流无法实现……………………………………
第九章　反驳激进语境论（三）：内在矛盾………………………………………………
第三部分　语义最简论和言语行为多元论………………………………………………………
第十章　语义最简论…………………………………………………………………………
第十一章　语义学与形而上学………………………………………………………………
第十二章　语义学和心理学…………………………………………………………………
第十三章　言语行为多元论…………………………………………………………………
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………………
索　引………………………………………………………………………………………………

《人称范畴》无论是对人称范畴的语言比较还是单一语言的研究，都具有很高的参考价值。就国内而言，它对研究中国境内众多方言纷繁复杂的人称现象及其历史演化都会有直接的帮助。人称在语言学上指表示言谈角色的语法范畴，《人称范畴》可以说是语种基础最为广泛、探讨最为全面深入的一部专著。它以包含700多种语言的语种库为材料基础，很多结论都是在对这些语言的穷尽性观察和统计的基础上得出的，这提高了相关结论的可信性。

《理论词典学》是一部词典学的理论著作，也是一部指导词典编纂实践的工具书，内容涉及现代词汇学，语义学、类型学和词典学。重理论，精实践。理论具有引领性和前瞻性。在同义词，反义词的理论研究和词典编纂实践方面有独到、精深的见解。是作者从事语言学教学、理论研究和词典编纂实践的一次总结性研究成果。

语义演变是汉语演变的一个重要方面，也是汉语历史语言学的一个重要领域。最后30年来汉语的语义演变研究进入了一个新的发展时期。随着结构主义学理论和方法的引进，很多学者已不再满足文献词语的考释和词义演变方式的静态描写，而是致力于词义系统演变的考察和词义演变规律的探索，从而大大加深了我们对汉语语义演变的认识和了解。特别值得注意的是，近年来汉语学界已开始出现基于认知语义学、历史语用学和语言类型学的思路来探讨语义演变的新尝试。本书是这方面研究成果的一个结晶，集中展示了汉语语义演变研究的新视野和新进展

语言是人类真正的遗传密码。我们生活在一个语言编织而成的世界里，每时每刻都会受到我们自己听到、看到和使用的语言的影响，并会被无意中对语言所下的臆断所支配。语言既能让人走到一起，也能让人走向对立；既能促成善行，也能粉饰恶政；既能促进沟通，也能引起争讼。洞悉语言的本质，有助于我们更深刻地认识人性，避免让语言成为控制我们思想的工具，享受语言带给我们的愉悦，获得自由的心境，拥有美好的人生。

This lively book provides a truly comprehensive introduction to current linguistic semantics. Used in introductory and intermediate courses in semantics, it will supply teachers with an easy to use basic text and students with an accessible source of dependable information'. Ronnie Cann, University of Edinburgh. "This is a solid, well-written and very comprehensive textbook that will prove an invaluable resource in introductory semantics classes. The exercises are especially useful and the sections on theoretical approaches represent ideal links to more advanced semantic theory' David Adger, University of York This volume provides an engaging introduction to semantics for readers new to the subject. The book has three sections. Part I is concerned with the place of semantics within linguistics and its relation with the disciplines of philosophy and psychology. Part II introduces central topics in the description of word and sentence meaning. Part III reviews the three main current theoretical approaches to semantics; componential theory, formal semantics and cognitive semantics. The book discusses semantic phenomena from a wide range of languages. Each chapter contains exercises to alow the reader to explore the issues raised, and suggestions for further teadings.