吴明瑜，长期从事政策研究及其组织实施工作。是邓小平同志1978年全国科学大会讲话、中共中央科技体制改革决定的主要起草人，同时也是万里同志1987年全国软科学大会讲话（主要是提出了实现决策的科学化和民主化是政治体制改革的重要内容）的主要组织者和起草人。也是1975年胡耀邦同志主持起草的《关于科技工作几个问题（汇报提纲）》的主要执笔人。他主持了新技术革命对策研究，组织推动软科学研究，主持研究制定了14个行业的技术政策，同时，还是“星火”计划和高新技术园区的主要倡导和推动者之一。本书通过吴明瑜——科学领域高层管理者的视角，不仅能基本上还原1956—1986年间我国一系列重大科技政策出台的背景和过程，而且能使读者清楚地了解其主要内容及意义，更是从一个侧面反射出张劲夫、杜润生、胡耀邦、方毅等老一辈革命家在科技政策的制订中所具有的高瞻远瞩、运筹帷幄的战略家眼光和睿智。本书的一些故事情节读来耐人寻味，似乎置身其中，一些研究和决策方法至今仍具有一定的参考价值，是从事科技政策研究和制订工作者的一部不可多得的案头书。

"Galison provides excellent histories of three experimental episodes: the measurement of the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron, the discovery of the mu meson, or muon, and the discovery of weak neutral currents. These studies of actual experiments will provide valuable material for both philosophers and historians of science and Galison's own thoughts on the nature of experiment are extremely important. . . . Galison has given both philosophers and historians much to think about. I strongly urge you to read this book."--Allan Franklin, "British Journal of the Philosophy of Science"
"Anyone who is seriously concerned with understanding how research is done should read this. There have been many books on one or another part of its subject matter but few giving such insights into how the research is done and how the consensus of discovery is arrived at."--Frank Close, "New Scientist"
"[Galison] is to be congratulated on producing a masterpiece in the field."--Michael Redhead, "Synthese"
""How Experiments End" is a major historical work on an exciting topic."--Andy Pickering, "Isis"

Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences—and show how the concept differs from its alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images.
From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences—from anatomy to crystallography—are those featured in scientific atlases, the compendia that teach practitioners what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology.
As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity—or truth-to-nature or trained judgment—is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to anyone interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity—and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically.

吴大猷老师是1930年代，中国近代物理学研究尚在开始阶段时，从国外学成回来的一位中国老一辈物理学家。他不仅在分子物理、核物理等领域中做出了世界级的重要贡献，对20世纪中国近代物理学的发展，大猷老师更是有划时代的影响，包括他为祖国培养出一批很杰出的科学技术人才。在生命的最后几年里，他接受了李政道教授的建议，每周分别到台北台湾大学和新竹清华大学，讲述从20世纪初到抗日战争胜利之日，先后四十多年中国近代物理学的发展情况。 本书对后人了解中国近代物理学由20世纪开始到今天的发展颇有益处，对了解老一辈学者在当时的艰苦努力、奋发工作的情形有很大的帮助，也必将激励后来学者更加努力地工作，使中国的物理学更好更快地发展。

《中国古代野生动物地理分布》整理了我国部分历史文献中野生动物栖息、繁衍、分布的记录，并遵照现代动物地理学分类原理，揭示了不同历史时期我国主要野生动物的分布特征，是文榕生先生继其《中国珍稀野生动物分布变迁》付梓后又一重要研究成果。
我国历史文献中富含大量宝贵的野生动物生存和生活的信息，但这些信息隐藏在海量文献里，且多错讹。综合运用文献学、历史学、动物学、地理学等学科的知识，摘录、考订、鉴别、梳理历史时期我国野生动物的分布特征无疑是一项重大的科研工程。据《中国地方志联合目录》载，我国现存于国内外的各种地方志8264种。文先生在没有科研经费支持的条件下，几乎是尽一人之力检索、翻阅了其中470余种方志，并经科学校勘、辨伪和考证，整理了这些方志中记载的1200余种野生动物，如原生、刺胞、线形、环节、星虫、蜢虫、软体、节肢（甲壳、肢口、唇足、倍足、蛛形）、腕足、昆虫、棘皮、头索、鱼、两栖、爬行、鸟、哺乳等门（纲）的分布信息，在此基础上分析了秦汉以降我国主要野生动物的分布特征，研究对象的空间尺度大部分被细化至地（市）级行政区，少部分甚至被细化至县级。
文榕生编著的《中国古代野生动物地理分布》在较系统研究我国古代文献，尤其是古方志的基础上，主要采用原文献摘编的形式，对古文献中记载的野生动物资料深入发掘，认真进行鉴别、确认与梳理，较全面、系统与客观地反映古人对野生动物的分类、命名以及形态特征描述、生活习性与地理分布等相关信息的记载。一方面，以现代动物分类系统为基础，对古文献中所记载并已鉴定出的动物，涉及原生、刺胞、线形、环节、星虫、蜢虫、软体、节肢（甲壳、肢口、唇足、倍足、蛛形）、腕足、昆虫、棘皮、头索、鱼、两栖、爬行、鸟、哺乳等门（纲）的物种进行归类。另一方面，按照历史动物地理学原理，系统展现不同历史时期我国各地的野生动物分布状况，既涉及各省级行政区，还涉及大部分地（市）级行政区，甚至一些县级行政区的野生动物分布状况。不仅可以应用于动物资源的合理利用与保护、自然保护区规划与建设、自然环境的变迁、动物疫情流行和自然疫源地等研究，而且可为当前世界面临的动物多样性保护、环境变化等重大问题，提供动物物种与分布的演变历史资料，为在更大的时空范围内探讨其因果关系提供基础资料。
《中国古代野生动物地理分布》不仅适合动物、地理、历史地理、环境、气候、植物、林业、生态、自然史等专业人士阅读，或进行更深入研究，而且可供历史、人口、社会、经济等多种专业师生和有关科研人员参考使用。此外，对动物感兴趣的非专业人员，本书也具有某种科普作用。

本文库是活跃在当代中国哲学研究领域的著名学者多年来艰辛探索的成果，既凸现了作者关于哲学研究的基本心路历程，反映了作者思想、观点的发展变化，而由于他们的代表性、典型性，也反映了我国的哲学研究及其水平的过去与现在，深刻地体现了当代中国时代精神的变革与社会现实的发展。文库出版以后产生了较大的学术影响力。

By the 1980s the Soviet scientific establishment had become the largest in the world, but very little of its history was known in the West. What has been needed for many years in order to fill that gap in our knowledge is a history of Russian and Soviet science written for the educated person who would like to read one book on the subject. This book has been written for that reader. The history of Russian and Soviet science is a story of remarkable achievements and frustrating failures. That history is presented here in a comprehensive form, and explained in terms of its social and political context. Major sections include the tsarist period, the impact of the Russian Revolution, the relationship between science and Soviet society, and the strengths and weaknesses of individual scientific disciplines. The book also discusses the changes brought to science in Russia and other republics by the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) was an internationally renowned botanist, a close friend and early supporter of Charles Darwin, and one of the first - and most successful - British men of science to become a full-time professional. He was also, Jim Endersby argues, the perfect embodiment of Victorian science. A vivid picture of the complex interrelationships of scientific work and scientific ideas, "Imperial Nature" gracefully uses one individual's career to illustrate the changing world of science in the Victorian era. By focusing on science's material practices and one of its foremost practitioners, Endersby ably links concerns about empire, professionalism, and philosophical practices to the forging of a nineteenth-century scientific identity.

Drawing on recent scholarship in the history and sociology of science, as well as in imperial and colonial history, Relocating Modern Science challenges both the belief that modern science was created uniquely in the West and the assumption that it was subsequently diffused, or imposed, elsewhere. Through six chronologically ordered case studies of knowledge construction in botany, cartography, terrestrial surveying, linguistics, scientific education, and colonial administration at key moments in their history, this book demonstrates the crucial importance of intercultural encounter - here between South Asians and Europeans - for the emergence of these sciences. It also revisits questions at the heart of research in the social studies of science - interpersonal trust, replicability, calibration, translation, and the relationship between instruments and embodied skills - showing the complex nature of their resolution in multicultural, and colonial, contexts. By following practitioners, skills, instruments, and ideas as they moved between continents and communities, this book stresses the crucial role of circulation in the construction and reconfiguration of scientific notions and practices. In addition to engaging with questions central to imperial, colonial, and South Asian history, Relocating Modern Science presents a heuristic model for specialists of other contact zones, periods, and fields of knowledge, as also for transnational and global studies.

《中国古代天文学简史》于1955年出版之后，引起了国内外读者的重视与关怀，提出了不少宝贵的修改意见和建议。其中很多人希望充实该书的内容，使它成为一部比较详尽而又全面的中国天文学史的著作。《中国古代天文学简史》的出版，距今已经二十多年，在这期间，中国古代天文学史方面出土的文物和研究的成果不少，原书若不经大的改写，就难以反映这些新的成就。
原书在《序言》中，曾提到“特别为高等学校的学生和教师的需要而编写的”，现在为了适应在本世纪末实现四个现代化的新长征时代的要求，读者对象应加扩大，包括广大知识青年。他们对于天文知识，一般比较贫乏，因此，在介绍天文学史之前，应当使他们了解天文学究竟是怎样的一门自然科学。
从辛亥革命到解放前夕（1911-1948年）一段时期，是波浪起伏的旧中国，天文事业受到压抑，然而由于我国天文工作者自身的努力，还是初步打下了近代天文学的基础。新中国成立后，在中国共产党领导下，我国天文事业才得到了飞跃的发展。新旧对比，更可使读者认识到：在天文事业方面，也说明了社会主义制度的优越性。因此，特将原书扩充成为《中国天文学史》，包括辛亥革命以来及解放以来我国天文学的概况在内。
由于中国近代和现代点文学是在学习外国天文学成就的基础上发展起来的，因此，本书虽然叫做《中国天文学史》，而其内容实际包括一部分外国天文学史在内。
由于天文学和其他自然科学有着密切的联系，因此，深望通过这本书，能使读者成为一个天文爱好者，或者成为一个奴隶钻研天文学方面科学技术的热心人，从而为四个现代化作出贡献。
本书的出版，当然要首先感谢北京天文馆及上海人民出版社的大力支持与帮助。北京天文馆及其他天文单位的一些同志，有的代为校阅书中的某一部分，有的提供宝贵的资料，充实了本书的内容和纠正了原稿中的不少错误，当在有关章节中，表示衷心感谢。
作者年近八旬，加上独眼残烛，要完成这书，大有心有余而力不足之感。幸得北京天文馆崔振华的大力协助，从文字加工、选用图片、核对史料乃至校阅全书，不遗余力；同时王玉卿和曲敏荣二位代为誊写原稿，都付出了不少劳力，谨表忠心感谢。
作者
1978年冬至日于北京天文馆

How do we come to trust our knowledge of the world? What are the means by which we distinguish true from false accounts? Why do we credit one observational statement over another? This study engages these universal questions through a recreation of a crucial period in the history of early modern science: the social world of gentlemen-philosophers in 17th-century England. The author paints a picture of the relations between gentlemanly culture and scientific practice. He argues that problems of credibility in science were practically solved through the codes and conventions of genteel conduct: trust, civility, honour, and integrity. These codes formed, and arguably still form, an important basis for securing reliable knowledge about the natural world. Shapin uses detailed historical narrative to argue about the establishment of factual knowledge both in science and in everyday practice. Accounts of the mores and manners of gentlemen-philosophers are used to illustrate Shapin's broad claim that trust is imperative for constituting every kind of knowledge. Knowledge-making is always a collective enterprise: people have to know whom to trust in order to know something about the natural world.

科学之美是永恒、纯洁的，而科学的实践成本又是高昂的。本书揭示了现代科学工作背后的经济学逻辑，探讨了经济与科学的关系，同时也讨论了科学对经济的影响，特别是对经济增长的影响。在大学这样一个科研主战场，很多政策都是试图促进大学机构完成研究成果。教师选择研究项目，希望获得的回报是高水平大学的终身教职或者工资奖励等。在美国亦是如此。本书分析了科研人员和研究机构竞争科研资源的成本和效益；分析了大学降低学校运行风险的方法等。当经费紧缩时，科研人员更加注重项目的安全性，而不是关注那些资助经费少、不确定性大、潜在突破性成果多的项目。

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics brings together cutting-edge writing by more than twenty leading authorities on the history of physics from the seventeenth century to the present day. By presenting a wide diversity of studies in a single volume, it provides authoritative introductions to scholarly contributions that have tended to be dispersed in journals and books not easily accessible to the general reader. While the core thread remains the theories and experimental practices of physics, the Handbook contains chapters on other dimensions that have their place in any rounded history. These include the role of lecturing and textbooks in the communication of knowledge, the contribution of instrument-makers and instrument-making companies in providing for the needs of both research and lecture demonstrations, and the growing importance of the many interfaces between academic physics, industry, and the military.

20世纪刚刚过去，百年来的世界数学，恰如高山巍峨，大海浩瀚，本书想通过数学历史上的人和事，勾勒衣服当代数学的剪影。 数学是世纪政治风云变幻的缩影，本书记载了希特勒上台怎样葬送了伟大的格丁根数学学派；数学家如何有效地投身反法西斯战争；冷战时期的超级大国同时也是世界数坛霸主。 数学又是一种文化现象。布尔巴基数学学派终于由盛渐衰，诺贝尔奖获得者中却不断出现数学家。波兰、匈牙利这样的小国数学人才辈出，美国普林斯顿一步登上世界数学顶峰，东方的日本、印度、中国的数学正在迎头赶上。 数学的发展不是孤立的，计算机是数学家冯·诺伊曼的杰作；图灵用数学方法破译德军的密码；数学家占据了诺贝尔经济学奖的半壁江山。数学控制论、数学信息论、数学规划论的创始人都是数学家。 本书除了介绍以上的纵向历史，也报告了横向的数学进步。读者会看到许多数学故事：希尔伯特的23个问题，意大利学派的代数几何，数学哲学大论战，数学教育改革的足迹，拓扑学的前前后后，直到费马大定理的证明。 中国：21世纪的数学大国，站在20世纪数学巨人们的肩膀上才能高瞻远瞩，才能看到我们的未来。

Physics, the Human Adventure is the third edition of the classic text Introduction to Concepts and Theories in Physical Science. Authored by Gerald Holton, the text was a landmark in science education. It was the first modern textbook in physics (or in any other science) to make full and effective use of the history and philosophy of science in presenting for both the general and the science-oriented student an account of the nature of physical science. A second edition, prepared by Stephen G. Brush, brought the book up to date by increasing the coverage of topics in modern physics and by taking account of recent scholarly research in the history of science.In the new book Physics, The Human Adventure, each of the chapters has been reworked to further clarify the physics concepts and to incorporate recent physical advances and research. The book shows the unifying power of science by bringing in connections to chemistry, astronomy, and geoscience. In short, the aid of the new edition is to teach good physics while presenting physical science as a human adventure that has become a major force in our civilization.New chapters discuss theories of the origin of the solar system and the expanding universe; fission, fusion, and the Big Bang -- Steady State Controversy; and thematic elements and styles in scientific thought.

Not since the printing press has a media object been as celebrated for its role in the advancement of knowledge as the scientific journal. From open communication to peer review, the scientific journal has long been central both to the identity of academic scientists and to the public legitimacy of scientific knowledge. But that was not always the case. At the dawn of the nineteenth century, academies and societies dominated elite study of the natural world. Journals were a relatively marginal feature of this world, and sometimes even an object of outright suspicion.
The Scientific Journal tells the story of how that changed. Alex Csiszar takes readers deep into nineteenth-century London and Paris, where savants struggled to reshape scientific life in the light of rapidly changing political mores and the growing importance of the press in public life. The scientific journal did not arise as a natural solution to the problem of communicating scientific discoveries. Rather, as Csiszar shows, its dominance was a hard-won compromise born of political exigencies, shifting epistemic values, intellectual property debates, and the demands of commerce. Many of the tensions and problems that plague scholarly publishing today are rooted in these tangled beginnings. As we seek to make sense of our own moment of intense experimentation in publishing platforms, peer review, and information curation, Csiszar argues powerfully that a better understanding of the journal’s past will be crucial to imagining future forms for the expression and organization of knowledge.

杨振宁教授在出版他的两册《杨振宁论文选集（1945-1980）》和《杨振宁论文选集Ⅱ》中为选出的每篇文章都写了一篇后记。这些后记是极为重要的史料，本书这些文章的结集。这些文章对20世纪物理学历史有非常重要的价值；而且对于了解和研究杨振宁教授对物理学的贡献、他的科学思想、品位、风格，以及个人某些情感经历，也具有十分重要的意义。
各篇后记主要是追寻我个人作为一个物理学家的发展过程，同时清理一下我从当研究生以来的兴趣和想法。本书并不是我对自己研究工作的评价。科学家不希望对自己所有的论文作面面俱到的评价，但最懂得自己每一篇文章故事的，莫过于作者本人。——杨振宁
一方面，您对近代物理发展的历史，作了明晰有条理的简介；同时，您把最近的过去，心头不如意事也坦白地布开，使人读了非常感动。——吴健雄
他巧妙地将八十页后记结集一起放在书的开始部分，而不是附在各篇文章的后面。这样，后记可以连续地读，成了他的科学自传，一部极好的自传。它以清楚而简练的词句描述了他的一生，朴实地描述了他工作背后的强烈感情和始终不渝的忠诚。换言之，它描述了杨振宁之所以成为杨振宁。——弗里曼·戴森