What did the apostles' Greek sound like?How would New Testament Greek have been pronounced? Often students are taught Erasmian pronunciation, which does not even reproduce Erasmus's own pronunciation faithfully, let alone that of the New Testament authors. In his new book, Benjamin Kantor breaks a path toward an authentic pronunciation of Koine Greek at the time of the New Testament.The first comprehensive phonological and orthographic study of Judeo-Palestinian Koine Greek, The Pronunciation of New Testament Greek surveys thousands of inscriptions and papyri to determine its historical pronunciation. Benjamin Kantor covers his cutting-edge methodology, the chosen sources, and their context before explaining the pronunciation of each Greek phoneme individually. Written for interested students and specialists alike, this guide includes both explicatory footnotes for novices and technical analysis for veterans.

近年、語用論の発展はめざましいものの、歴史語用論や社会語用論に比べ、日本語の地理的側面についての語用論は遅れている。本書はそうした状況を踏まえ、方言学の世界に語用論的な見方を導入し、新たな方言学を切り拓こうとするものである。対象は言語行動、談話に留まらず、オノマトペや感動詞の運用、文法論との接点に及ぶ。また、それらの現象を背後から操る「言語的発想法」の地域差をあぶり出そうとするところに特色がある。

行為を要求する「〜なされ」はなぜ、どのように「〜なさい」へ変化したのか。
丁寧表現「〜ござります」が「〜ございます」を生み出す過程。
命令表現「〜ねえ」の成立と衰退。
——変化事象の共通原理を説く。
言語史記述にあたり、近代日本の支配階級や東京という視座によった従来の研究から転換し、「中央以外の視座」をもつことの有効性を実証!

問題「母とは二度会ったが父とは一度も会わないもの、なーんだ?」(答・くちびる)。この室町時代のなぞなぞから、当時「ハハ」は「ファファ」のように発音されていたことがわかる。では日本語の発音はどのように変化してきたのか。奈良時代には母音が8つあった?「行」を「コウ」と読んだり「ギョウ」と読んだり、なぜ漢字には複数の音読みがあるのか?和歌の字余りからわかる古代語の真実とは?千三百年に及ぶ音声の歴史を辿る。

In this major new work Alice Harris and Lyle Campbell set out to establish a general framework for the investigation of linguistic change. Systematic cross-linguistic comparison of syntactic change across a wide variety of languages is used to construct hypotheses about the universals and limits of language change more generally. In particular, the authors seek to move closer towards describing the range of causes of syntactic change to develop an understanding of the mechanisms of syntactic change, and to provide an understanding of why some languages undergo certain changes and not others. The authors draw on languages as diverse as Pipil and French, Georgian and Estonian, and the data presented is one of the book's great strengths. Rigor and precision are combined here with a great breadth of scholarship to produce a unique resource for the study of linguistic change, which will be of use to scholars and students alike.

日本語史料だけではわからなかった日本の歴史を知ろう―オランダ語の文法、文字の読み方をはじめ、オランダ語史料の探し方、工具書案内など基本から学べる初めての入門書。

This book is about reconstructing the grammar of Proto-Bantu, the ancestral language at the origin of current-day Bantu languages. While Bantu is a low-level branch of Niger-Congo, the world’s biggest phylum, it is still Africa’s biggest language family. This edited volume attempts to retrieve the phonology, morphology and syntax used by the earliest Bantu speakers to communicate with each other, discusses methods to do so, and looks at issues raised by these academic endeavours. It is a collective effort involving a fine mix of junior and senior scholars representing several generations of expert historical-comparative Bantu research. It is the first systematic approach to Proto-Bantu grammar since Meeussen’s Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions (1967). Based on new bodies of evidence from the last five decades, most notably from northwestern Bantu languages, this book considerably transforms our understanding of Proto-Bantu grammar and offers new methodological approaches to Bantu grammatical reconstruction.

English summary: This is the first authoritative, yet financially accessible, dictionary of medieval and early modern French available for students and professors alike. Takeshi Matsumura is a leading specialist on French lexicography, and offers here an important contribution to the history and precision of the French language, including examples, regional origins, and literary use for each entry. French description: Ce dictionnaire s'adresse aux etudiants et aux professeurs de lettres et d'histoire, ainsi qu'a tous ceux interesses par l'histoire de la langue et la litterature du Moyen Age. Le dictionnaire de Takeshi Matsumura est le seul dictionnaire de l'ancien francais (des origines a la fin du XIIIe siecle) et du moyen francais (du XIVe au XVIe siecle) a la fois scientifiquement irreprochable, maniable et accessible financierement. Il n'a pas de concurrent. Les autres dictionnaires souvent en un seul volume sont soit anciens et depourvus d'exemples (abrege du Godefroy), soit elementaires et peu surs. Les grands dictionnaires que sont le Godefroy et le Tobler-Lommatzch sont pour beaucoup hors de portee par leur volume (une dizaine de tomes voire plus) et par leur prix; en outre, le premier est ancien et quelque peu depasse, le second est un dictionnaire ancien bilingue francais - allemand. Takeshi Matsumura, professeur a l'universite nationale de Tokyo, est un des meilleurs lexicographes mondiaux du francais. Ses travaux font autorite. Nombreux sont les articles de son dictionnaire qui apportent du nouveau ou corrigent des erreurs (premiere attestation ou sens d'un mot). Pour la premiere fois, l'auteur precise l'origine regionale et le genre litteraire des exemples donnes, exemples qu'il choisit et traite avec une grande intelligence, de sorte qu'ils eclairent le sens des mots sans alourdir ni allonger a l'exces l'ouvrage. Le fait que ce dictionnaire de l'ancien et du moyen francais soit l'oeuvre d'un savant japonais montre le rayonnement des etudes francaises, y compris de celles portant sur les debuts de notre langue et de notre litterature.

L'édition ultime, revue et enrichie par Alain Rey ! L'origine et l'histoire de plus de 95 000 mots, expressions et locutions, racontées par Alain Rey. Un dictionnaire unique, à lire comme un roman. Pour chaque mot : son étymologie, sa datation, une description fine de ses évolutions de forme, de sens et d'usage au cours des siècles.
L'édition ultime du Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, revue et enrichie par Alain Rey ! Un coffret exceptionnel pour un dictionnaire unique qui nous raconte l'aventure millénaire des mots de notre langue.
Plus de dix siècles de voyage dans la langue des idées, des cultures et des sociétés
L'histoire détaillée de 95 000 mots, expressions et locutions
Pour chaque mot : son étymologie, sa datation, une description fine de ses évolutions de forme, de sens et d'usage au cours des siècles
Des schémas illustrant la généalogie des mots, parfois inattendue
Des encadrés encyclopédiques qui apportent un éclairage sur le français et toutes les langues qui l'ont influencé
Un regard sur les périodes clés des évolutions de la langue, de la Renaissance à l'ère du numérique et jusqu'à l'actualité du XXIe siècle sous l'angle du français dans le monde
Un travail monumental d'Alain Rey jusqu'à la fin de sa vie : la plus grande mise à jour depuis la parution de l'ouvrage
Près de la moitié du contenu enrichie, 10 000 mots expressions et sens nouveaux, cinq ans de travail quotidien
Tous les mots d'hier à aujourd'hui : crise sanitaire (asymptomatique, déconfinement...), écologie (glyphosate, climatosceptique...), nouvelles technologies (éthernet, scroller...), santé et bien-être (hygge, flexitarien...)
De nouveaux développements culturels et des pans entiers d'articles réécrits par Alain Rey, fruits de ces dernières recherches
D'innombrables surprises au fil des pages : origines insoupçonnées, histoires de mots ou anecdotes surprenantes
Pour la première fois, l'origine de formules courantes, souvent absentes des dictionnaires : une exploration vivante du français parlé
" La langue française est comme un arbre ; elle est unifiée par ses racines et par son tronc, et variée à l'infini par ses feuilles. " Alain Rey
Une œuvre monumentale, une synthèse passionnante de mille ans de langue française, sans équivalent dans aucune langue.
" L'alpha et l'omega de notre identité et de notre culture. [...] Indispensable. [...] 95 000 moments de bonheur. "
Télérama, le 26 novembre 2022
" Le livre d'une vie et un cadeau d'une vie "
France Inter - Le Masque et la plume, le 13 novembre 2022
" L'œuvre ultime d'une vie consacrée aux mots, à leur forme, à leur histoire et à leur sens "
Le Monde, le 4 novembre 2022
" Un bonheur de lecture "
Marianne, le 30 octobre 2022
" 3000 pages, 6 kilos de culture [...] tellement proche de nous, quel que soit notre usage de la langue. "
C à vous, le 24 octobre 2022
" De quoi appréhender la prodigieuse intelligence de la langue. "
France Inter, le 21 octobre 2022
" Un voyage au bout de la langue française "
Le Figaro, le 23 octobre 2022
" Un inventaire sans précédent de notre langue "
Actualitté, le 28 sept 2022
" Un trésor que le monde nous envie. "
Paris Match
" L'histoire de la langue à la manière d'un roman. "
Le Parisien magazine
" Magistral. "
Europe 1
" Un millénaire d'histoire culturelle de la France. "
Le Figaro

同じ意味であっても異なる言語形式を用いる場合がよくある。否定は文法的否定に限らない、文法的否定は常に命題の真理値の反転ではない。
一方で、否定は否定詞以外にどのような言語的手段で表されるか等の分析が待たれる。現代中国語の潜在的否定に関する研究成果をまとめた。

This study aims at developing a unified perspective on nonfiniteness, encompassing its morphological, syntactic and semantic aspects. It puts the emphasis on clause types distinct from standard infinitives (gerund clauses, Celtic verbo-nominal structures, Portuguese inflected infinitives, Latin dominant participle constructions) and takes advantage of the most recent developments in syntactic theory. The notions of defectiveness and completeness, the inheritance hypothesis, the labeling requirement, the syntactic definition of lexical categories, once combined together, appear to make accessible tighter and more elegant analyses than previous accounts.

This series of HANDBOOKS OF LINGUISTICS AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCE is designed to illuminate a field which not only includes general linguistics and the study of linguistics as applied to specific languages, but also covers those more recent areas which have developed from the increasing body of research into the manifold forms of communicative action and interaction. For "classic" linguistics there appears to be a need for a review of the state of the art which will provide a reference base for the rapid advances in research undertaken from a variety of theoretical standpoints, while in the more recent branches of communication science the handbooks will give researchers both an overview and orientation. To attain these objectives, the series aims for a standard comparable to that of the leading handbooks in other disciplines, and to this end strives for comprehensiveness, theoretical explicitness, reliable documentation of data and findings, and up-to-date methodology. The editors, both of the series and of the individual volumes, and the individual contributors, are committed to this aim. The language of publication is English. The main aim of the series is to provide an appropriate account of the state of the art in the various areas of linguistics and communication science covered by each of the various handbooks; however no inflexible pre-set limits will is imposed on the scope of each volume. The series is open-ended, and can thus take account of further developments in the field. This conception, coupled with the necessity of allowing adequate time for each volume to be prepared with the necessary care, means that there is no set time-table for the publication of the whole series. Each volume is a self-contained work, complete in itself. The order in which the handbooks are published does not imply any rank ordering, but is determined by the way in which the series is organized; the editors of the whole series enlist a competent editor for each individual volume. Once the principal editor for a volume has been found, he or she then has a completely free hand in the choice of co-editors and contributors. The editors plan each volume independently of the others, being governed only by general formal principles. The series editors only intervene where questions of delineation between individual volumes are concerned. It is felt that this (modus operandi) is best suited to achieving the objectives of the series, namely to give a competent account of the present state of knowledge and of the perception of the problems in the area covered by each volume. To discuss your handbook idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert.

"The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis covers the major approaches to Discourse Analysis from Critical Discourse Analysis to Multimodal Discourse Analysis and their applications in key educational and institutional settings. The handbook is divided into eight sections: Approaches to Discourse Analysis, Gender, Race and Sexualities, Narrativity and Discourse, Genre and Register, Spoken Discourse, Social Media and Online Discourse, Educational Applications, and Institutional Applications. The chapters are written by a wide range of contributors from around the world, each a leading researcher in their respective field. With a focus on the application of Discourse Analysis to real-life problems, the contributors introduce the reader to a topic, and analyse authentic data. This fully revised second edition includes new sections on And on Gender, Race and Sexualities, Narrativity and Discourse, Genre and Register, Spoken Discourse, Social Media and Online Discourse and nine new chapters on topics such as digital communication and public policy and political discourse. This volume is vital reading for all students and researchers of discourse analysis in linguistics, applied linguistics, communication and cultural studies, social psychology and anthropology"--

The first edited volume dedicated to usage-based theory in linguistics, an essential reference work for this exciting area of research Over the past three decades, usage-based theories of language development and acquisition have challenged long-held beliefs about language, particularly the concept of universal grammar. Usage-based research in linguistics—with data derived from interdisciplinary studies in sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, experimental linguistics, corpus linguistics, psycholinguistics, and other subfields—indicates that grammar and usage are intricately connected. The Handbook of Usage-Based Linguistics is the first volume of its kind to offer a comprehensive, authoritative, and interdisciplinary view of the application of usage-based theory to linguistics and language study. Bringing together an international panel of established and emerging scholars in this rapidly evolving field, this unprecedented work of scholarship provides timely coverage of all key theoretical and methodological aspects of usage-based linguistics. In-depth essays offer diverse perspectives on theory, history, and methodology while examining phonology, morphosyntax, psycholinguistics, language variation and change, language development, and more. This volume: Offers valuable insights into usage-based theory in many languages and across disciplines Addresses usage-based linguistics in the contexts of a broad range of linguistic subfields, such as anthropological linguistics and cognitive linguistics Discusses up-to-date methodologies, emerging approaches, new technologies, and cutting-edge research in usage-based linguistics The first volume of its kind, covering the conceptual underpinnings, historical foundations, and future of usage-based theoryThe Handbook of Usage-Based Linguistics is an indispensable resource for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars in anthropological linguistics, psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, corpus analysis, and other subfields of linguistics.

こころと脳を探る生成文法

言語研究を認知科学、生物学の一部と位置づけて研究を進めてきた生成文法の最新入門書。今世紀以降に進展した言語の脳科学や言語の起源・進化学などの研究成果を取り入れながら、改めて言語研究の各分野の基本的知見を提示し、生成文法に基づく科学的な言語の見方を明らかにする。コラムを設けたほか、各章末に練習問題を付す。研究社ホームページには読書案内を掲載。ロングセラー『言語研究入門』(2002)の姉妹編。

→コンパニオンサイト https://www.kenkyusha.co.jp/generative_linguistics/


まえがき

《 第I部生成文法を学ぶための基礎知識I 》
第1章はじめに:なぜ言語を研究するのか (大津由紀雄・今西典子)
第2章言語知識の性質 (杉崎鉱司)

《 第II部生成文法を学ぶための基礎知識II 》
第3章言語の音とは:音声学・音韻論 (田中伸一)
“第3章補足” 音の記号:言語で異なる音の区分と性質 (田中伸一)
第4章語とは:形態論 (長野明子)
コラム1 音と形態のインターフェイス (石原由貴)
第5章文とは:統語論1 (小町将之・瀧田健介)
第6章統語現象を考える:統語論2 (瀧田健介・小町将之)
第7章意味とは:意味論1 (稲田俊一郎・猪熊作巳)
第8章意味現象を考える:意味論2 (猪熊作巳・稲田俊一郎)
第9章発話とは:語用論 (瀬楽亨)
コラム2 統語と音のインターフェイス (塩原佳世乃)
コラム3 統語と意味のインターフェイス (中尾千鶴)

《 第III部こころと脳を探る言語研究の展開 》
第10章言語の獲得1:第一言語の獲得 (郷路拓也)
第11章言語の獲得2:第二言語の獲得 (磯部美和・平川眞規子)
第12章言語の運用 (大津由紀雄)
第13章言語の変化 (宮下治政)
第14章言語の脳科学 (尾島司郎)
第15章言語の起源と進化 (池内正幸)
コラム4 幼児言語と自己埋め込み (照沼阿貴子)
コラム5 手話言語 (坂本祐太)
コラム6 少数言語の研究 (大滝宏一)

終章言語研究の展開と今後の展望
(稲田俊一郎・杉崎鉱司・磯部美和・大津由紀雄・池内正幸・今西典子)

付録
エッセイ:言語研究の楽しみ (水光雅則)
事例研究1:コーパスを使った言語研究 (深谷修代)
事例研究2:日本語と英語における結果構文とその関連構文 (阿部明子)

あとがき

室町期の口語資料「抄物」から語史や文法変化、特徴的な文体・表現を見出し、日本語の史的変遷研究に寄与すると共に、文献学的な価値をも考究する。付録として抄物の利用法を説く。

■木田章義(京都大学名誉教授)「序文」より
山本佐和子氏は本書で、自らの抱く目的と方法に従って、語彙的研究、文法的研究、書誌的研究など幅広く分析されている。その目次を見れば、山本氏の研究の視野の広さが理解できるし、山本氏の興味の方向も分かる。対象とした語彙や語法についての分析や論述を見ていると、それらの現象を解明した上で、その現象を国語史の流れの中に位置づけようとするひたむきさが感じられる。そのひたむきさが用例の博捜や先行文献の丁寧な追究、抄物以外の資料の調査へと繫がっているようである。単なるこれまでの成果のまとめだけでなく、これからの発展の可能性を含んだ論文の集積である。
資料との巡り会いについても、山本氏は恵まれている。建仁寺両足院の資料の調査にも参加し、仁和寺の資料調査にも関わることができる研究者はほとんどいない。このような幸運な機会に巡り会うのも、研究者としての励みになっていることと思う。両足院本『杜詩抄』や仁和寺本『古文真宝抄』の調査など、抄物研究者に有用な成果であり、抄物研究の発展を促すものである。

本書は、アスペクト、否定、モダリティ、行為指示や感謝・謝罪における対人配慮などの、日本語の文法現象と関わる副詞をいくつか取り上げ、副詞を視点として日本語文法史に迫ることを試みたものである。個々の副詞の歴史変化を記述するとともに、それを通して、副詞に見られる文法変化のありようを示し、日本語の歴史の時代的動向についても論じる。語史研究の先にある、副詞の歴史的研究の新たな可能性を実践的に示した書。

現代的な意味論や語用論といった分野は分析哲学から派生したため、言語学と哲学は密接な関係にある。本書は言語学において議論されることが少ないプラグマティズムという哲学の概念が言語分析の基礎概念として機能することを示すと共に、その帰結を論じることを試みる。本書はプラグマティズムに加え、身体性、フレーム理論、ネオ・サイバネティクスといった概念との関係について詳細に論じる初の学際的な研究書でもある。

Drawing on examples from a wide range of languages and social settings, The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World was originally the first single-volume collection surveying the current research trends in international sociolinguistics.This new edition has been comprehensively updated and significantly expanded and now includes over fifty chapters written by leading authorities and a brand new substantial introduction by John Edwards. Coverage has been expanded regionally and there is a critical focus on indigenous languages. This handbook remains a key tool to help widen the perspective on sociolinguistics to readers interested in the field. Divided into sections covering: The Americas, Asia, Australasia, Africa, and Europe, the book provides readers with a solid, up-to-date appreciation of the interdisciplinary nature of the field of sociolinguistics in each area. It clearly explains the patterns and systematicity that underlie language variation in use, as well as the ways in which alternations between different language varieties mark personal style, social power and national identity.The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics around the World is the ideal resource for all students on undergraduate sociolinguistics courses and researchers involved in the study of language, society and power.