本论文集为2012年中央民族大学举办的“西域—中亚语文学国际学术研讨会”论文汇编。本次会议的主题是汇报研究项目《古代维吾尔诗歌的语文学研究》的研究成果，为潜心研究20世纪初开始在吐鲁番、敦煌及邻近地区发现的各种语言文字文献的国内外专家学者提供一个平台，探讨写本中反映的语文学、语言学、历史学、宗教学及文化学等方面的热门论题。本论文集作者即为参会的数十名学界著名的中外学者。按照研究专题，论文集分为吐火罗语研究、伊朗语研究、汉文文献研究、回鹘文研究、考古与宗教研究、近代西域与中亚研究等六个部分。

本书为中国社会科学院外国文学所研究员黄宝生在社科院梵文研究中心讲授巴利语语法时的教材修订本，原著者为法国巴利语学家迪罗塞乐，由黄宝生译为中文。本书适合巴利语的初学者学习，对巴利语中的种种语法现象，名词、动词的变格、变性的形态等都作了详尽的说明，便于查阅。

古代语言的构拟常常是支离破碎的，要掌握其系统和组合结构，就只有依靠它的文字和文献。张铁山的著作根据残存的古代文献，研究古代回鹘语的语音系统、词汇构成和语法结构，还讨论到古代回鹘语有没有元音e，存在不存在长元音音位，这些都是饶有趣味又是难度很大的问题。首先是文字和文献的释读有难度，其次是语音和词形变化的考证有难度，第三是词汇构成的分析有难度。虽然前人已经做了大量的工作，但仍存在很多难点和疑点。

回鹘文《弥勒会见记》(Maitrisimit)为世界突厥语民族和维吾尔族古代重要文献之一。原写本大约成书于公元8-9世纪，性质为佛教原始剧本或说唱文学脚本，共由二十七幕（品）组成（哈密本现存二十幕/品）。有的学者认为它是我国文学史上最早的剧本。上世纪初德国考古队曾在吐鲁番地区发现若干残卷。20世纪50年代末我国考古工作者在新疆哈密地区发现了比较完整的本子（约300叶600面）。
《弥勒会见记》内容为关于佛教未来佛弥勒（回鹘文作 Maitri，梵文为 Maitreya）的事迹。佛教中关于未来佛弥勒的传说，似应来自伊朗（特别是摩尼教）的影响，具体说他可能和古代伊朗有关救世主或摩尼教关于光明使者重返世上的观念有关。
《弥勒会见记》似为一种古代戏剧形式，因为它的古代焉耆语本本身就叫做“戏剧”。回鹘文本每章（品）前都表明故事发生的场地，章末有概括其内容的章名，共由28章组成，即由一章“序”和27章正文组成。

"Tocharian and Indo-European Studies" is an international scholarly journal dedicated to the study of two closely related Indo-European languages, Tocharian A and B, attested in Central Asian manuscripts from the second half of the first millennium AD. This volume contains 11 articles by some of the world's leading specialists on Tocharian, as well as reviews of the most important publications in the field. The important article by Werner Winter was one of the last to be written by this outstanding scholar.

山东大学素以人文学科见长。二十世纪三十年代，以间一多、梁实秋、杨振声、老舍、沈从文、洪深等为代表的著名作家、学者，在这里曾谱写过辉煌的篇章。二十世纪五十年代以来，以冯沅君、陆侃如、高亨、萧涤非、殷孟伦、殷焕先为代表的中国古典文学、汉语言文字学研究，以丁山、郑鹤声、黄云眉、张维华、杨向奎、童书业、王仲荦、赵俪生为代表的中国古代史研究，将山东大学的人文学术地位推向巅峰。但是，随着时代的深刻变迁，和国内其它重点高校一样，山东大学的文史研究也面临着尖锐挑战。如何重振昔日的辉煌，是山东大学领导和师生的共同课题。“周虽旧邦，其命维新”。山东大学文史哲研究院正是在这一特殊历史背景下成立的，她肩负着不可推卸的历史责任，将形成山东大学文史学科一个新的增长点。
文史哲研究院是一个专门从事基础研究的学术机构，所含专业有中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、汉语言文字学、史学理论与史学史、中国古代史、科技哲学、文艺学、民俗学、中国民间文学等。主要从事科研工作，同时培养硕士、博士研究生。知名学者蒋维崧、王绍曾、吉常宏、董治安等在本院工作，成为各领域的学科带头人。

《依存语法的理论与实践》的主要目的是，在充分了解前人有关依存关系、配价理论、依存形式化和依存句法分析方法的基础上，归纳出依存语法和配价理论的一般原理和方法，提出一套较完整的基于配价模式的依存语法分析框架，并用实验来证明这一框架的可行性。与此同时，我们也力图用《依存语法的理论与实践》提出的理论架构作为主线，将相关领域的主要研究成果串在一起，形成一部配价理论和依存语法研究的简史。
为了让国内读者更好地了解依存语法的一些基本思想和方法，《依存语法的理论与实践》在介绍其他学者的观点时，尽可能采用“引”而非“述”的方式，目的是为了更好地表现原义，减少误读率。在写作过程中，我们尽可能采用第一手的文献，所引外文资料一般均由作者自译。在计算语言学方法方面，《依存语法的理论与实践》对基于规则的方法和基于统计的方法都给予了足够的重视。理论求高、应用求实，是《依存语法的理论与实践》的基本方针。

The findings of an extensive investigation of the stream of speech which is viewed as but a series of communicative gestures, presented in such a manner that they will be readily available not only to the professional linguist, but to any serious reader interested in linguistic phenomena. The author provides evidence for example, that the length of a word, far from being a random matter, is closely related to the frequency of its usage -- the greater the frequency, the shorter the word. It can furthermore be shown that either from speech-sounds, or from roots and affixes, or from words or phrases, that the more complex any speech-element is phonetically, the less frequently it occurs.All the author's evidence points quite conclusively to the existence of a fundamental condition of equilibrium between the form and function of speech-habits, or speech-patterns in any language.

The field of machine translation (MT) -- the automation of translation between human languages -- has existed for more than fifty years. MT helped to usher in the field of computational linguistics and has influenced methods and applications in knowledge representation, information theory, and mathematical statistics.This valuable resource offers the most historically significant English-language articles on MT. The book is organized in three sections. The historical section contains articles from MT's beginnings through the late 1960s. The second section, on theoretical and methodological issues, covers sublanguage and controlled input, the role of humans in machine-aided translation, the impact of certain linguistic approaches, the transfer versus interlingua question, and the representation of meaning and knowledge. The third section, on system design, covers knowledge-based, statistical, and example-based approaches to multilevel analysis and representation, as well as computational issues.

《英语词汇语义关系习得研究》共分七章，介绍了研究的目标、意义以及组织结构；总结论述了词汇知识的类型和测量、二语词汇习得的理论和实证研究等内容。《英语词汇语义关系习得研究》以词汇语义关系中的两类聚合关系（同义关系和反义关系）为研究对象，重点探讨了中国高级英语学习者对英语中这两类词汇语义关系掌握的程度。其具体的研究问题包括：（1）与英语本族语者对这两类词汇语义关系的掌握相比，中国高级英语学习者有何差异？（2）是否可以采取深层语义加工的方法，提高中国英语学习者在课堂教学环境下对同义关系的掌握程度？（3）在课堂教学环境下，反义关系的习得呈现何种发展途径？（4）影响中国高级英语学习者掌握二语中的同义关系与反义关系的主要因素有哪些？为了回答这些问题，作者提出了同义关系与反义关系的可操作定义，并建立了二语词汇语义关系习得的发展模型。在此框架的基础上，作者采用数据驱动的方法和实验的方法对中国高级英语学习者的二语词汇语义关系的习得进行了定量分析。

Why would love for their language lead several men in southern India to burn themselves alive in its name? "Passions of the Tongue" analyzes the discourses of love, labor, and life that transformed Tamil into an object of such passionate attachment, producing in the process one of modern India's most intense movements for linguistic revival and separatism. Sumathi Ramaswamy suggests that these discourses cannot be contained within a singular metanarrative of linguistic nationalism and instead proposes a new analytic, "language devotion." She uses this concept to track the many ways in which Tamil was imagined by its speakers and connects these multiple imaginings to their experience of colonial and post-colonial modernity. Focusing in particular on the transformation of the language into a goddess, mother, and maiden, Ramaswamy explores the pious, filial, and erotic aspects of Tamil devotion. She considers why, as its speakers sought political and social empowerment, metaphors of motherhood eventually came to dominate representations of the language.

For the past forty years, linguistics has been dominated by the idea that language is categorical and linguistic competence discrete. It has become increasingly clear, however, that many levels of representation, from phonemes to sentence structure, show probabilistic properties, as does the language faculty. Probabilistic linguistics conceptualizes categories as distributions and views knowledge of language not as a minimal set of categorical constraints but as a set of gradient rules that may be characterized by a statistical distribution. Whereas categorical approaches focus on the endpoints of distributions of linguistic phenomena, probabilistic approaches focus on the gradient middle ground. Probabilistic linguistics integrates all the progress made by linguistics thus far with a probabilistic perspective.This book presents a comprehensive introduction to probabilistic approaches to linguistic inquiry. It covers the application of probabilistic techniques to phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, language acquisition, psycholinguistics, historical linguistics, and sociolinguistics. It also includes a tutorial on elementary probability theory and probabilistic grammars.