This book is a collection of articles dealing with various aspects of grammatical relations and argument structure in the languages of Europe and North and Central Asia (LENCA). Topics covered with respect to individual languages are: split-intransitivity (Basque), causativization (Agul), transitives and causatives (Korean and Japanese), aspectual domain and quantification (Finnish and Udmurt), head-marking principles (Athabaskan languages), and pragmatics (Eastern Khanty and Xibe). Typology of argument-structure properties of ‘give’ (LENCA), typology of agreement systems, asymmetry in argument structure, typology of the Amdo Sprachbund, spatial realtors (Northeastern Turkic), core argument patterns (languages of Northern California), and typology of grammatical relations (LENCA) are the topics of articles based on cross-linguistic data. The broad empirical sweep and the fine-tuned theoretical analysis highlight the central role of argument structure and grammatical relations with respect to a plethora of linguistic phenomena.

否定和否定辖域在语义系统和语法系统中占据重要的地位。两条脉络贯穿论文的理论研究和习得研究：在语法系统内部，体现为“否定一否定辖域”；从语言使用者角度，体现为“成人语法一儿童语法”。《儿童和成人语法中的否定和否定辖域》以否定辖域问题作为切人点，在成人语法和儿童语法的研究中实现了两个“统一”：
第一个“统一”：就否定辖域问题，实现了对汉语成人语法和儿童语法的统一描写。
《儿童和成人语法中的否定和否定辖域》提出了对汉语儿童辖域知识初始状态的假设，建立了早期儿童和成人进行辖域判断的原则系统，揭示了儿童辖域知识发展的过程。
第一个“统一”的实现为以下建立在普遍语法基础上的重大理论假设提供了有力支
持：
第一，儿童和成人对语言的假设都受到普遍语法的制约；
第二，语言习得过程是一个在普遍原则指导下的参数设置过程；
第三，语言发展过程具有连续性的特点。
第二个“统一”：实现了对汉语否定和量化、否定和情态两种辖域问题的统一描写。
《儿童和成人语法中的否定和否定辖域》发现汉语儿童和成人在判断两种辖域关系时使用的原则是相通的。论文在形式语义学的框架下对两种辖域关系进行了形式化描写．凸显了形式语义学的强大解释力。
《儿童和成人语法中的否定和否定辖域》共分五章：
第一章：“前言”，介绍《儿童和成人语法中的否定和否定辖域》的理论框架和语料来源。
第二章：“否定”。
理论研究部分：论文首先界定“否定”、“否定词”和“否定句”，提出一个供进一步讨沦的观点：“否定”概念的原型意义是“否定存在”。主张将否定词划分为形式上的否定和意义上的否定，并提出以是否形成向下蕴涵语境作为划分意义上的否定词的标准。同时，运用向下蕴涵和反(非)真实性的概念辨析了“不”、“没”一类词与“很难”一类词在意义上的关联和区别。在确定“否定句”时，主张从句法、语义和语用三个角度去考量。

本书是在我教授的“国语语法论”讲义的基础上改写而成的。写这本书是为了向有志学习日语语法的人介绍日语语法研究的现状，并与读者一起思考一上结语法方面的问题。
本书旨在使读者感受到“思考型语法”的乐趣所在，为此以深入浅出的形式尽可能全面地介绍了日语描写语法的重要语法项目，以及基于不同立场的观点和最新的研究成果，同时也介绍了一些其他语言、古代日语及语用面的相关研究成果。
“导读”和正文部分适合一般的日语学习者阅读，包括了日语语法的基础知识；该部分同时也可作为日语专业学生语言学入门或提高语言能力的学习资料，全书贯穿了对语言进行分析探索的观念。
精心设计的“思考题”和参考资料翔实的“内容指南”相当于名师的指导，有助于收到事半功倍的学习效果。

Like Carl Darling Buck's Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (1933), this book is an explanation of the similarities and differences between Greek and Latin morphology and lexicon through an account of their prehistory. It also aims to discuss the principal features of Indo-European linguistics. Greek and Latin are studied as a pair for cultural reasons only; as languages, they have little in common apart from their Indo-European heritage. Thus the only way to treat the historical bases for their development is to begin with Proto-Indo-European. The only way to make a reconstructed language like Proto-Indo-European intelligible and intellectually defensible is to present at least some of the basis for reconstructing its features and, in the process, to discuss reasoning and methodology of reconstruction (including a weighing of alternative reconstructions). The result is a compendious handbook of Indo-European phonology and morphology, and a vade mecum of Indo-European linguistics--the focus always remaining on Greek and Latin. The non-classical sources for historical discussion are mainly Vedic Sanskrit, Hittite, and Germanic, with occasional but crucial contributions from Old Irish, Avestan, Baltic, and Slavic.

我国第一部荷兰语语法书，为中国人量身定做。词法和句法双管齐下，例句丰富，语言地道。
《荷兰语语法》旨在为中国读者提供一部可靠、详实的荷兰语语法学习材料。本书的首要特点是内容力求详尽而全面，书中不仅对荷兰语的语音学、修辞学、句法、标点、时间表示法和书信格式等方方面面的内容作了全面的介绍，而且还尽可能详尽地网罗了各种各样的语法规则及其使用的例外情况。本书的另一大特点是系统性强，结构一目了然，便于使用。书中以语法学中的各个专题为主线进行专题论述，使用者可以很容易地在各专题下寻找有关的语述。此外，本书从中国人学习荷兰语的角度去书写，适用对象包括所有希望学习和使用荷兰语的华人，特别对正在学习荷兰语的中国各大院校学生，以及向中国学生教授荷兰语的教师们尤其有帮助。

本教材共分12章，讨论近代汉语语法的若干基本问题，重点考察和分析近代汉语语法的一些重要语法词和句式。第一章统领全书，介绍近代汉语语法研究的基本文献和重要成果；最后一章从一般历史句法学的角度讨论近代汉语语法研究的对象、目标、理论和方法。其余各章涉及的语法词有“代词”、“助动词”、“副词”、“介词”、“连词”和“助词”，涉及句法结构(包括句式)的有“述补结构”、“被动式”、“处置式”和“疑问句”等。本教材为近代汉语语法研究构建了比较完整的学科体系，既有整体的宏观概述，又有个案的微观分析；既有共时用法的描写，也有历时演变的探讨；既注重形式上的一般考察，也关注功能或意义上的深入探索。

本书是梁银峰先生的博士论文，全书共分七章，内容包括绪论、泛动补结构形态——先秦(含秦)、动补结构的酝酿期——两汉、动补结构的萌芽期——魏晋南北朝、动补结构的普遍运用期——隋至宋金、动补结构的成熟期——元明清等。

- Collects twelve new papers that explore the syntax of Chinese in comparison with other languages.
- Opens up new avenues of research, connecting studies of Chinese with work being carried out on other languages.
Chinese Syntax in a Cross-linguistic Perspective is a collection of sixteen original papers by leading experts in Chinese syntax. The papers focus on a broad range of topics, demonstrating how the analysis of Chinese can inform our understanding of syntactic phenomena in other languages, and how insights gained in the study of other languages can in turn shed interesting new light on patterns in Chinese. Each chapter compares a specific major phenomenon in Chinese syntax with related patterns in at least one other language from Asia, Europe, North America or Africa, resulting in a series of fresh perspectives on Chinese and what the study of Chinese can offer linguists working on other, genetically unrelated languages.
The volume is divided into three thematic sections, on the nominal domain, the predicate domain, and the C-domain. In addition to chapters on synchronic, adult syntax, the book includes chapters on Chinese diachronic syntax in a comparative perspective and the acquisition of syntax in Chinese, in comparison with that of other languages. The collection is a tribute to Professor C.-T. James Huang's lifelong work on the syntax of Chinese and his attempts to demonstrate how the comparative analysis of Chinese reveals important properties of Universal Grammar. With its broad, cross-linguistic focus and its detailed, new studies of Chinese, this book is essential reading for researchers of all language backgrounds in modern generative syntax.

This book presents rigorous and criterial definitions of the major parts of speech, noun, verb and adjective, that account both for their syntactic behaviour and for their observed typological variation. Based on an examination of languages from five different groups, Salishan, Cora, Quechua, Totonac and Hausa, this book argues that parts of speech must be defined by combining the criteria of syntactic markedness, which characterises lexical classes in terms of unmarked syntactic roles and semantic prototypicality, which delimits their prototypical meanings. Adjectives are shown to be the marked (and hence, most variable) class because of their inherent non-iconicity at the semantics/syntax interface. The four-member typology of parts of speech systems (languages with three open classes, those that group adjectives with verbs, those that group adjectives with nouns and those that conflate all three) current in the literature is easily generated by free recombination of these two critical features. Closer examination of the data however, casts doubt on the existence of one of the four possible language-types, the noun-adjective conflating theory, which is accounted for here by replacing free recombination of semantic and syntactic features with an algorithm for the subdivision of the lexicon that gives primacy to semantics over syntax.

This book, first published in 2000, addresses the fundamental linguistic question of how the perceived world is expressed through systems of nominal classification that are grammatically encoded in various languages. A team of leading international scholars reviews the whole spectrum of nominal classification, from gender systems through to numeral classifiers, providing cutting-edge theoretical interpretations and empirical case studies based on a wide range of languages. The volume presents ideas about the problems of classification, advances theory by proposing typological categories and clarifies the interface between anthropological and grammatical work. Focusing on systems that have a conceptual-semantic basis, the contributors reflect and represent approaches in nominal classification research. This invaluable reference work will appeal to linguists, anthropologists and psychologists alike, as well as specialists in languages as diverse as Australian, Amazonian, Mayan and Japanese.

In Basic Linguistic Theory R. M. W. Dixon provides a new and fundamental characterization of the nature of human languages and a comprehensive guide to their description and analysis. In three clearly written and accessible volumes, he describes how best to go about doing linguistics, the most satisfactory and profitable ways to work, and the pitfalls to avoid. In the first volume he addresses the methodology for recording, analysing, and comparing languages. He argues that grammatical structures and rules should be worked out inductively on the basis of evidence, explaining in detail the steps by which an attested grammar and lexicon can built up from observed utterances. He shows how the grammars and words of one language may be compared to others of the same or different families, explains the methods involved in cross-linguistic parametric analyses, and describes how to interpret the results. Volume 2 and volume 3 (to be published in 2011) offer in-depth tours of underlying principles of grammatical organization, as well as many of the facts of grammatical variation. 'The task of the linguist,' Professor Dixon writes, 'is to explain the nature of human languages - each viewed as an integrated system - together with an explanation of why each language is the way it is, allied to the further scientific pursuits of prediction and evaluation.' Basic Linguistic Theory is the triumphant outcome of a lifetime's thinking about every aspect and manifestation of language and immersion in linguistic fieldwork. It is a one-stop text for undergraduate and graduate students of linguistics, as well as for those in neighbouring disciplines, such as psychology and anthropology.

In Basic Linguistic Theory R. M. W. Dixon provides a new and fundamental characterization of the nature of human languages and a comprehensive guide to their description and analysis. In three clearly written and accessible volumes, he describes how best to go about doing linguistics, the most satisfactory and profitable ways to work, and the pitfalls to avoid. In the first volume he addresses the methodology for recording, analysing, and comparing languages. He argues that grammatical structures and rules should be worked out inductively on the basis of evidence, explaining in detail the steps by which an attested grammar and lexicon can build up from observed utterances. He shows how the grammars and words of one language may be compared to others of the same or different families, explains the methods involved in cross-linguistic parametric analyses, and describes how to interpret the results. Volume 2 and volume 3 (to be published in 2011) offer in-depth tours of underlying principles of grammatical organization, as well as many of the facts of grammatical variation. 'The task of the linguist,' Professor Dixon writes, 'is to explain the nature of human languages - each viewed as an integrated system - together with an explanation of why each language is the way it is, allied to the further scientific pursuits of prediction and evaluation.' Basic Linguistic Theory is the triumphant outcome of a lifetime's thinking about every aspect and manifestation of language and immersion in linguistic fieldwork. It is a one-stop text for undergraduate and graduate students of linguistics, as well as for those in neighbouring disciplines, such as psychology and anthropology.

Possession and Ownership brings together linguists and anthropologists in a series of cross-linguistic explorations of expressions used to denote possession and ownership, concepts central to most if not all the varied cultures and ideologies of humankind. Possessive noun phrases can be broadly divided into three categories - ownership of property, whole-part relations (such as body and plant parts), and blood and affinal kinship relations. As Professor Aikhenvald shows in her extensive opening essay, the same possessive noun or pronoun phrase is used in English and in many other Indo-European languages to express possession of all three kinds - as in "Ann and her husband Henry live in the castle Henry's father built with his own hands" - but that this is by no means the case in all languages. In some, for example, the grammar expresses the inalienability of consanguineal kinship and sometimes also of sacred or treasured objects. Furthermore the degree to which possession and ownership are conceived as the same (when possession is 100% of the law) differs from one society to another, and this may be reflected in their linguistic expression. Like others in the series this pioneering book will be welcomed equally by linguists and anthropologists.

吴早生等的《汉语领属结构的信息可及性研究》从语用信息视角出发，结合句法结构成分变换分析、语用语篇功能分析、语言心理认知分析和语言类型比较等方法对汉语领属结构作了较为全面的阐述：指出了名词指称性在汉语领属研究中的局限，以定位性概念来解决汉语领属结构的参照点分析；突破以往研究中割裂结构助词“的”、动态助词“的”和语气词“的”的做法，以预设特征等语用含义将其统一起来；《汉语领属结构的信息可及性研究》详尽考察了汉语领属结构中被领者前有定/无定标记主观性的语法表现，深入分析了处在被领成分位置的指示类词语、数量词语的语义、语用功能；探讨了名词化领属来源动词跟外部领属谓语动词的语义及物性、作格性，以及说话者主观移情之间的密切联系。

This book presents a critical comparison of the two leading theories of linguistic change. After introducing the aims and methods of historical linguistics, Olga Fischer provides an exposition of the main theories used to describe morphosyntactic change and a full account of the causes and mechanisms by which their leading exponents seek to explain it. She measures the effectiveness of rival theories and methods in different contexts and in the process throws fresh light on the balance of factors influencing linguistic change. Professor Fischer emphazises the unity of form and meaning in the linguistic sign and examines the role played by analogy. She looks at how changes in discourse, lexicon, semantics, pragmatics, and sound interact with changes in morphosyntax, and explores the relationship between external and internal causes of change. She considers whether morphosyntactic change is gradual or abrupt and discusses how far rates of change reflect the degree to which grammar is innate or learned. She uses detailed case studies to illustrate different types of morphosyntactic change, and to show how each theory fares when put into practice. The author's clear style and her balanced approach to this fascinating and complex subject combine to make this a book that will be of central interest and value to scholars and students of linguistic change, at graduate level and above.